Showing posts with label fluoroscopy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label fluoroscopy. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 30, 2008

Grand Rounds - Vol 5, No. 2

This week's edition of Grand Rounds just went online, hosted this week by Jeffrey at his Monash Medical Student blog.  

His theme, "medicine and war" seems to be curiously apropos for my contribution: 
And Then He Sewed the Guy's Head Back On...
Jeffrey also scores extra props for the appropriately lurid photo he located on Flickr to accompany the link to my blog.

Saturday, September 20, 2008

And Then He Sewed the Guy's Head Back On...

This is a story about my med school roommate. Not for him the cool, dark caverns of radiology -- he went into ear, nose and throat (ENT). While I learned about CT and ultrasound, he studied tympanoplasties and facial reconstruction. While I battled barium enema blow-outs, he struggled with snot, or as he called it: DIMPS and IMPS (dessicated inspissated mucopurulent secretions and inspissated mucopurulent secretions).

After a stint in the Air Force, I headed for the hushed groves of academic radiology. My roomie got out of the Navy about the same time, and headed for a solo practice in the foothills of the California Gold Country. He shared call with the only other ENT in town, and his practice started out fairly slowly and routinely.

This all suddenly changed during dinner one night, with a page from the emergency room. The ER doc was direct and to the point:
ER: Come here, quick!

ENT: Why? What's up?

ER: Don't ask questions! Just get your ass down here!
The suspense grew as as my friend drove across town to the ER.

Awaiting him there was a local crazy dude, who had tried very hard to saw his own head off with a chainsaw. With the luck that is often bestowed on drunks and crazy dudes, this guy had managed to miss his spinal cord and major blood vessels, while severing just about everything else holding his head on.

Most residencies don't cover this specific clinical situation. However, my friend made a, shall we say, heads-up job of it anyway. After his initial shock, he took charge of the ER, stabilized the bobble-headed crazy dude and proceeded to sew his head back on. Where it apparently stayed.

As you can imagine, this single incident made my friend's surgical reputation for life. As the word spread among other patients and other doctors, his practice grew pretty fast.

We could all tell war stories about defining moments in our own practices, when one good or bad call made a noticeable difference in our professional reputation. However, it's humbling to me just how often my stock rises or falls on some other non-clinical basis. Little things like the following have sometimes made more difference to my practice than years of CME:
  1. playing with a surgeon in a musical jam session
  2. my son dating an oncologist's daughter
  3. getting stranded by weather in an O'Hare bar with a colleague I rarely see at home
This social karma can pay off in the form of referrals, which are important to any specialist. These are particularly critical for radiologists. No matter how spectacular a barium enema we give a patient, it doesn't affect our bottom line (so to speak) nearly as much as impressing a fellow physician. As I mentioned above, this is contingent on a lot more things than clinical competence.

Social karma also makes it easier to weather turbulent times at work. Consider this simple stimulus/response situation. Suppose you miss a subtle torus fracture of the radius in a 10 year old boy, like the one shown below.


Someone you know pretty well will probably cut you some slack:
Man, that was a subtle fracture -- I didn't see it either. Kids' films scare the hell out of me.
However, to someone you don't know, you may now be:
That asshole radiologist who couldn't find his butt with both hands.
Given the choice, one would obviously prefer Door Number 1. Unfortunately, practicing Door Number 1 Radiology™ gets harder all the time.

In the old days of hospital-centered radiology, just about every physician in the hospital would drop by our department sometime during the day. This gave us lots of chances to work on those social skills that don't come naturally to people who work in the dark. However, these opportunities to schmooze with our clinical colleagues have dropped off considerably with the widespread adoption of teleradiology.

Nowadays, it's common for radiologists to work in freestanding imaging centers (we call them boxes), miles away from the hospital, reading X-rays across the internet. My department current reads images from about 16 sites around town, and we spend a lot of time calling reports to people we will never get to meet. We are left to squeeze any human warmth and interaction with these busy people into the interstices between bits of diagnostic information. This makes these little bits of humanity all the more important.

Of course, I could be wrong. A lot of radiology tasks are easily commoditized, and can be beamed to well-trained radiologists in the antipodes who are willing to charge a lot less than I do. I've already heard prospective radiology residents wondering if their future jobs will be siphoned off to some offshore radiology factory. Will the world all go WalRad, or will personal relationships forged with one's referral base keep at least some of that work at home? Beats the heck out of me.

While this all works itself out, I'll continue looking for heads to sew back on. In the meantime, I'll keep on reading cases, enjoying the physicians who still physically visit our department, and teaching our larval radiologists how to give great phone.





Epilogue:

By popular demand (n=1), I have added an additional view of the wrist, with arrows pointing out the subtle buckles in the cortex that indicate the radial torus fracture. The discontinuity is best seen on the lateral view. Kids' bones are more flexible than those of adults, and often don't present with the classical linear lucency seen in fractured geezers (anyone over 21).

Tuesday, July 1, 2008

Did the Earth Move for You?

How far does the earth travel during sex? Or, if your tastes run in that direction, during a barium enema? You'll be happy to know that:
The Quirkology team joined forces with Professor John C. Brown, Astronomer Royal for Scotland, to provide an answer to the age-old question "did the earth move for you?"
Taking into consideration rotational and orbital motion of the earth, solar and galactic motion, and the duration of your own personal earth-moving act, the following website will give you a pretty good estimate of how far you traveled:


Note: This online calculator neglects any local motion occurring in your own personal bed or fluoroscopy suite. Feel free to add this correction factor to your final result.

(via Quirkology)

Tuesday, June 17, 2008

Grand Rounds - Vol 4, No. 39

This week's edition of Grand Rounds is hosted by David Khorram of the Marianas Eye Blog.

Grand Rounds is a weekly anthology of the best medical blogging on the web.

Radiology of Competitive Speed Eating is my donation to this potluck of medical meditations. 

The "raison d'eater" for my post is to help explain some of the physiologic adaptions necessary to excel in the world of dog-eat-dog dog-eating.

Monday, June 9, 2008

Radiology of Competitive Speed Eating

We all eat to live. Most of us also eat for enjoyment. Many of us overeat for various reasons. A very few of us overeat as a competitive sport.

What's in it for the winners? For the eliter eaters, one can earn an annual 5-figure income. Plus, if you don't mind eating on the Anaconda Plan (Eat the Whole Pig.  Right Now.), there's all that free food at the contests.

What does it take to choke down chow at a world-class pace? There seem to be many ninja tricks to help one really scamper while scarfing scads of scoff. Lubricating hotdog buns with water is one technique, and others polish off the Polish two at a time to increase their rate of input.

However, on an anatomic and physiological basis, there are only a few logical ways to explain the capacity of some supreme suppers:
  1. increased stomach size
  2. increased gastric emptying speed into the small intestine
  3. disappearance of food into the fourth dimension
ResearchBlogging.orgOf the possibilities listed above, scientists are pretty darned sure that no. 3 is definitely not the explanation. Beyond that, we don't know the whole story. However, a recent fluoroscopic study by Levine et al from the University of Pennsylvania sheds some light on ins and outs (well, mainly ins) of marathon munching.
Levine, M.S., Spencer, G., Alavi, A., Metz, D.C. (2007). Competitive Speed Eating: Truth and Consequences. American Journal of Roentgenology, 189(3), 681-686. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.07.2342
The purpose of our investigation was to assess the stomachs of a world-class speed-eating champion and of a control subject during a speed-eating test in our gastrointestinal fluoroscopy suite to determine how competitive speed eaters are able to eat so much so fast.
They did this by pitting a large burly control dude (6 ft 2 in / 210 lb aka 188 cm / 95 kg) with a hearty appetite against a slender subject (5 ft 10 in / 165 lb aka 178 cm / 75 kg) who just happened to be ranked among the top 10 competitive speed eaters in the world by the IFOCE.

Sonya Thomas and Tim Janus at the 2005 Midway Slots Crabcake Eating Competition

After a few preliminary tests, these two subjects were asked to eat as many hot dogs as they could. The big burly dude ate 7 before feeling uncomfortably full. The champion eater then proceeded to down 2 dogs at a time for the next 10 minutes. After he ate 36 hotdogs, the investigators terminated the experiment.
Despite the speed eater’s insistence that he felt no sensation of satiety, fullness, bloating, or abdominal discomfort, we became concerned that further dilation of his already enormous stomach could be associated with a small theoretic risk of gastric perforation. Therefore, a decision was made to terminate the speed-eating test over the objections of our participant.
While all of this was going on, the radiologists asked the eaters to also ingest a barium sulfate solution so they could watch the stomach under fluoroscopy. The control dude's stomach showed a large mass of partially chewed hotdog bits, but only minimal gastric dilatation. The eating champion looked a bit different:
His stomach now appeared as a massively distended, food-filled sac occupying most of the upper abdomen, with little or no gastric peristalsis and emptying of a small amount of barium into the duodenum.
It's hard to generalize these findings to all eaters everywhere when one only has 2 subjects in one's experiment. However, the investigators concluded:
Our observations suggest that successful speed eaters expand the stomach to form an enormous flaccid sac capable of accommodating huge amounts of food.
What happens to competitive speed eaters after years of gorging? We really don't know. No one has done long-term follow-up of eating champs, so educated guesses are all we currently have. The current scientific gut feeling is that digestive divas may have some problems awaiting them down the line.
We speculate that professional speed eaters eventually may develop morbid obesity, profound gastroparesis, intractable nausea and vomiting, and even the need for a gastrectomy. Despite its growing popularity, competitive speed eating is a potentially self-destructive form of behavior.
The closest I'll ever come to this degree of gastric overdistention occurred at a major radiology meeting about 20 years ago. My brother and I were invited to a wonderful French restaurant by some film manufacturers who wanted to buy our souls. We sold out to the triple whammy of food that was expensive, paid for by somebody else, and absolutely delicious. It was so delicious that we both ate way, way too much of it. By the time the satiety signal from our stomachs reached our brains, we were already a bit uncomfortable. By the time we got back to our hotel room, we felt too distended to breathe while lying down. Therefore, we sat up in bed, propped up by many pillows, and watched TV for a few hours until we had digested enough to get to sleep.

As luck would have it, the first thing that popped up on our TV happened to be Monty Python's The Meaning of Life. The movie was already in progress, somewhere in a scene where the Crimson Permanent Assurance briefly attempts to take over the film. "This looks entertaining", we thought. Just The Thing to occupy our minds during a few hours of gastric emptying.

Sometimes karmic payback is swift and sure. One of the next skits in the movie was the infamous encounter between Mr. Creosote and the "wafer-thin mint". You can imagine our mounting horror as that scene played out...

Thursday, May 15, 2008

Beware the Ides of May

I've administered barrels of barium to patients during my career. However, my hat goes off to the radiology dudes at Scripps Hospital, who seem to be working from a whole different part of the periodic table (about 30 places back, to be exact)...

Murrugun The Mystic Swallows first one sword,Then Three swords For Doctors at Scripps Hospital.



Just for good measure, here's the same same feat by the same guy, but recorded with visible light:

Saturday, May 10, 2008

Radiology Party Tricks

At a recent folk dance, I was resting on the sidelines, and noticed that a friend had her foot propped up on a chair with an ice pack on it.
SR: "What's wrong?"

Friend: "Someone stepped on me during the last dance."

SR: "Want me to have a look at it?"
I had preloaded a picture of foot X-ray on my iPhone, and when I put it on her foot, the effect on her was all that I have could asked for.
Friend: "OH MY GOD!!"
We tried the same trick on other friends walking by, with pretty much the same results. Now, most of my friends are not radiologists, but are well aware of my geeky nature and love of gadgets.  Therefore, the idea of my carrying around an actual iFluoroscope in my pocket is probably not completely out of the question to them. However, one of my radiology techs at work gave the same universal "OMG" reaction, so I suspect that the illusion relies more on its unexpectedness than on any technical expertise of the audience.

Future plans for this:

Every professional I know gets hit up for free consultations at cocktail parties, and has their own way of dealing with them. One lawyer friend listens politely for a minute, and then says in a loud voice, "Well, if you haven't actually been indicted yet for rape or murder, I can't do much to help you!"

I've decided that my iPhone is going to be my new secret weapon to help repel boarders. I've started loading it up with all sorts of evil things, such as gout, Alzheimer's disease and impalement injuries, like the one above.

Hmmm, maybe also a few STD cases and rectal foreign bodies for good measure...